which statement describes the spanish colonization of north americawhich statement describes the spanish colonization of north america

which statement describes the spanish colonization of north america28 May which statement describes the spanish colonization of north america

Direct link to skyler karrick's post i think those dresses loo. The individual leaders of expeditions assumed the expenses of the venture and in return received as reward the grant from the government of the conquered territories;[69] and in addition, they received instructions about treating the indigenous peoples. On 31 March 1492, the Catholic Monarch ordered the expulsion of the Jews in Spain who refused to convert to Christianity. In Peru, the Cerro Rico's ore was processed from the local mercury mine of Huancavelica, while in Mexico mercury was imported from the Almadn mercury mine in Spain. Spanish expansion into modern-day Mexico that Spanish explorers were able to find wealth on the scale that they had been hoping for. Spanish possession and rule of its remaining colonies in the Americas ended in that year with its sovereignty transferred to the United States. Image credit: Map of de Coronado's route through Mexico and the Southwest of the modern United States. A year later Christopher Columbus, on his fourth voyage, sailed along the Caribbean coast from the Bay of Honduras to Panama, accumulating much information and a little gold . Europeans imported enslaved Africans to the early Caribbean settlements to replace indigenous labor and enslaved and free Africans were part of colonial-era populations. In 1532 at the Battle of Cajamarca a group of Spaniards under Francisco Pizarro and their indigenous Andean Indian auxiliaries native allies ambushed and captured the Emperor Atahualpa of the Inca Empire. He also had to attract participants to the expedition who staked their own lives and meager fortunes on the expectation of the expedition's success. 378-79. Latin America is generally understood to consist of the entire continent of South America in addition to Mexico, Central America, and the . He became deeply indebted to the German Welser and Fugger banking families. Hello everyone can someone help me check my answers?? Columbuss colonization of the Atlantic islands inaugurated an era of aggressive Spanish expansion across the Atlantic. Residences of the officials and elites were closest to the main square. "The 1539 inquisition and trial of Don Carlos of Texcoco in early Mexico.". Why didn't the spanish just leave the natives alone after the natives killed the men? There was quite a bit of gold coming in. "Questionnaires from the Trial of the Second Marqus del Valle for Conspiracy, 1566" in, Fernndez de Recas, Guillermo S. Cacicazgos y nobiliario indgena de la Nueva Espaa. . But in 1493, Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI issued two papal decrees giving legitimacy to Spains Atlantic claims over the claims of Portugal. Columbus's discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. The crown established the audiencia in 1549. increasing colonial ties with English leaders in parliament. Castao, Victoria Ros. The crown had authority to draw the boundaries for dioceses and parishes. Equally important, rich deposits of the valuable metal silver. [40], One of the colonists who conquered Puerto Rico, Juan Ponce de Len, is commonly given credit for being the first European to sight Florida in 1513. Viceroys were of high social standing, almost without exception born in Spain, and served fixed terms. [92] Indigenous noblemen were particularly important in the early period of colonization, since the economy of the encomienda was initially built on the extraction of tribute and labor from the commoners in their communities. Direct link to 21HernandezRa28's post What are some specific ex, Posted 3 years ago. Other imports were figs, apricots, cherries, pears, and peaches among others. Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted. A key to this was the cooperation between most indigenous elites with the new ruling structure. [43] In 1521, Ponce de Leon was killed while trying to establish a settlement near what is now Charlotte Harbor, Florida. The crown enacted Laws of Burgos (1513) and the Requerimiento to curb the power of the Spanish conquerors and give indigenous populations the opportunity to peacefully embrace Spanish authority and Christianity. In the European race to colonial dominance, the Treaty of Tordesillas legitimized Spains holdings in the New World, indicating Spanish primacy over Portugal. The Franciscans arrived first in 1525 in a group of twelve, the Twelve Apostles of Mexico. In Peru, the attempt of the newly appointed viceroy, Blasco Nez Vela, to implement the New Laws so soon after the conquest sparked a revolt by conquerors against the viceroy and the viceroy was killed in 1546. [55][56] Arguably the most significant introduction was diseases brought to the Americas, which devastated indigenous populations in a series of epidemics. Other notable historical figures in the production are Malinche, Corts cultural translator, and other conquerors Pedro de Alvarado, Cristbal de Olid, Bernal Daz del Castillo. [106] Until the eighteenth century, there were just two viceroyalties, with the Viceroyalty of New Spain (founded 1535) administering North America, a portion of the Caribbean, and the Philippines, and the viceroyalty of Peru (founded 1542) having jurisdiction over Spanish South America. De Austrias a Borbones", Encyclopedia of Latin and mexicpo is the best History and Culture 1996, "Cochineal Production and Trade in New Spain to 1600", Historiography of Colonial Spanish America, Indigenous Reducciones and Spanish Resettlement: Placing Colonial and European History in Dialogue, Indigenous Puerto Rico DNA evidence upsets established history, The Political Force of Images, Vistas: Visual Culture in Spanish America, 15201820, Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories, Independence of Spanish continental Americas, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France, Colonial universities in Hispanic America, Law of coartacin (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas&oldid=1151061142, Spanish exploration in the Age of Discovery, History of indigenous peoples of the Americas, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, Articles lacking reliable references from September 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. The. New York: Cambridge University Press 1994. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBrading1971 (, Kuethe, Allan J. 1. During the Napoleonic Peninsular War in Europe between France and Spain, assemblies called juntas were established to rule in the name of Ferdinand VII of Spain. Answered: Select the correct answer. Choose the | bartleby Expeditions continued to explore territories in hopes of finding another Aztec or Inca empire, with no further success. [104] With the 1508 papal grant to the crown of the Patronato real, the crown, rather than the pope, exercised absolute power over the Catholic Church in the Americas and the Philippines, a privilege the crown zealously guarded against erosion or incursion. The crown asserted is authority and sovereignty of the territory and vassals it claimed, collected taxes, maintained public order, meted out justice, and established policies for governance of large indigenous populations. Vol. 1492: La Navidad is established on the island of Hispaniola; it was destroyed by the following year. According to Cook, the indigenous Californian population at first contact, in 1769, was about 310,000 and had dropped to 25,000 by 1910. Spanish colonization of the Americas - Wikipedia 2, p. 99. Their colonial governments reflected the model of a two-house Parliament and long-cherished civil liberties. Columbus, in his voyage, sought fame and fortune, as did his Spanish sponsors. "[112] As with many colonial institutions, corregimiento had its roots in Castile when the Catholic Monarchs centralize power over municipalities. [81] In Mexico, Don Martn Corts, the son and legal heir of conqueror Hernn Corts, and other heirs of encomiendas led a failed revolt against the crown. [16][17] Please help this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. From that misperception the Spanish called the indigenous peoples of the Americas, "Indians" (indios), lumping a multiplicity of civilizations, groups, and individuals into a single category. House of Welser in Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, vol. For all practical purposes, this was slavery. As the indigenous populations declined, the need for corregimiento decreased and then suppressed, with the alcalda mayor remaining an institution until it was replaced in the eighteenth-century Bourbon Reforms by royal officials, Intendants. [54], The Columbian Exchange was as significant as the clash of civilizations. Important indigenous crops that transformed Europe were the potato and maize, which produced abundant crops that led to the expansion of populations in Europe. [164] Seventeenth-century Mexican trickster Martn Garatuza was the subject of a late nineteenth-century novel by Mexican politician and writer, Vicente Riva Palacio. Lawyers for these cases were funded by a half-real tax, an early example of legal aid for the poor. the stock market crash of 1929 caused the great depression. Although Spaniards had hoped to find vast quantities of gold, the discovery of large quantities of silver became the motor of the Spanish colonial economy, a major source of income for the Spanish crown, and transformed the international economy. Two major factors affected the density of Spanish settlement in the long term. The end of the Habsburg dynasty in 1700 saw major administrative reforms in the eighteenth century under the Bourbon monarchy, starting with the first Spanish Bourbon monarch, Philip V (r. 17001746) and reaching its apogee under Charles III (r. 17591788). All of the colonies, except Cuba and Puerto Rico, attained independence by the 1820s. In the twentieth century, there have been a number of films depicting the life of Christopher Columbus. Practices like forced labor and slavery for resource extraction, and forced resettlement in new villages and later missions were common during the first decades of colonization. The Spanish had mixed-race children in the Americas with enslaved Africans and Native Americans. lvar Nez Cabeza de Vaca was one of four survivors of that expedition, writing an account of it. Disease and overwork, disruption of family life and the agricultural cycle (which caused severe food shortages to Spaniards dependent on them) rapidly decimated the indigenous population. "The Incas Under Spanish Colonial Institutions". The population of the Native American population in Mexico declined by an estimated 90% (reduced to 12.5 million people) by the early 17th century. Queen Isabel put an end to formal slavery, declaring the indigenous to be vassals of the crown, but Spaniards' exploitation of indigenous labor continued. For the colony's continued existence, a reliable source of labor was needed. 1875. Warren, J. [60] The crown sought to establish and maintain control over its overseas possessions through a complex, hierarchical bureaucracy, which in many ways was decentralized. During the Bourbon Reforms in the mid-eighteenth century, the crown systematically sought to centralize power in its own hands and diminish that of its overseas possessions, appointing peninsular-born Spaniards to Audiencias. Direct link to Batuhan #BringBackBackgrounds's post The monarchy took most of, Posted 2 years ago. [162], The life of seventeenth-century Mexican nun, Sor Juana Ins de la Cruz, renowned in her lifetime, has been portrayed in a 1990 Argentine film, I, the Worst of All[163] and in a TV miniseries Juana Ins. Stanford: Stanford University Press 1964. [153] A 2010 film, Even the Rain starring Gael Garca Bernal, is set in modern Cochabamba, Bolivia during the Cochabamba Water War, following a film crew shooting a controversial life of Columbus. Cattle multiplied quickly in areas where little else could turn a profit for Spaniards, including northern Mexico and the Argentine pampas. The establishment of large, permanent Spanish settlements attracted a whole range of new residents, who set up shop as carpenters, bakers, tailors and other artisan activities. [113], Spanish settlers sought to live in towns and cities, with governance being accomplished through the town council or Cabildo. The reorganization of administration has been called "a revolution in government. In 1574, Philip II promulgated the Order of Patronage (Ordenaza del Patronato) ordering the religious orders to turn over their parishes to the secular clergy, a policy that secular clerics had long sought for the central areas of empire, with their large indigenous populations. It was translated quickly to English and became the basis for the anti-Spanish writings, collectively known as the Black Legend. The empire was formed by and under the command of Marshal Jean-Bdel Bokassa, military dictator and president of the Central African Republic, on 4 December 1976. apush mcq 1 Flashcards | Quizlet Select the correct answer. In Mexico, Hernn Corts and the men of his expedition founded of the port town of Veracruz in 1519 and constituted themselves as the town councilors, as a means to throw off the authority of the governor of Cuba, who did not authorize an expedition of conquest. A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies. [150] With the 1992 commemoration (and critique) of Columbus, more cinematic and television depictions of the era appeared, including a TV miniseries with Gabriel Byrne as Columbus. However, the name was typically used to refer to the peninsula itself as well as the Gulf Coast, Georgia, Carolina, and southern Virginia. Charles sought to be elected Holy Roman Emperor and was willing to pay whatever it took to achieve that. The Spanish did establish the settlement of Chile in 1541, founded by Pedro de Valdivia. [161], The Mission was a 1996 film idealizing a Jesuit mission to the Guaran in the territory disputed between Spain and Portugal. Ships and cargoes were registered, and emigrants vetted to prevent migration of anyone not of old Christian heritage, (i.e., with no Jewish or Muslim ancestry), and facilitated the migration of families and women. The image of mounted Araucanians capturing and carrying off white women was the embodiment of Spanish ideas of civilization and barbarism. [8][9] For the conquest era, two names of Spaniards are generally known because they led the conquests of high indigenous civilizations, Hernn Corts, leader of the expedition that conquered the Aztecs of Central Mexico, and Francisco Pizarro, leader of the conquest of the Inca in Peru. Spain also produced impressive art at this time. In 1809 the first declarations of independence from Spanish rule occurred in the Viceroyalty of Peru. In the following years the conquistadors and indigenous allies extended control over Greater Andes Region. Spaniards established a network of settlements in areas they conquered and controlled. Spaniards also imported citrus trees, establishing orchards of oranges, lemons, and limes, and grapefruit. The Spanish Empire could not have ruled these vast territories and dense indigenous populations without utilizing the existing indigenous political and economic structures at the local level. The Spanish colonization effort differed from those of the French and Dutch mainly because Spain created a massive empire.

Beaufort County Probate Court, Lynbrook High School College Acceptance 2020, Stop Motion Studios Los Angeles, Pizza Hut Ranch Dressing Brand, Articles W