richard hakluyt reasons for colonizationrichard hakluyt reasons for colonization

richard hakluyt reasons for colonization28 May richard hakluyt reasons for colonization

How does Hakluyt depict indigenous peoples? [24] Helen Thornton has suggested that the translation was commissioned by Thomas Smythe who became treasurer of the Virginia Company in 1609 and was also Governor of the East India Company. Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . That this western voyage will yield unto us all the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia, as far as we were wont to travel, and supply the wants of all our decayed trades. That the Queen of England title to all the west Indies, or at the least to as much as is from Florida to the Circle arctic, is more lawful and right then the Spaniards or any other Christian Princes. His interests in languages and geography encouraged him to write books on travel where he drew inspiration from the logbooks, documents and oral histories of travelers from around the world. DOC Reasons for Colonization - Mr. Harris PDF A Discourse Concerning Western Planting Richard Hakluyt (1584) c. 1552-1616. [14], Hakluyt was also a leading adventurer of the Charter of the Virginia Company of London as a director thereof in 1589. While in Oxford, Hakluyt worked with foremost geographers such as Abraham Ortelius and Gerardus Mercator. He spoke possibly four languages (including Greek, Latin, French and Italian), and his love of geography, many scholars say, was influenced by a large map he saw as a child. His major publication, The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589), provides almost everything known about the early English voyages to North America. Hakluyt revisited England in 1584, and laid a copy of the Discourse before Elizabeth I (to whom it had been dedicated) together with his analysis in Latin of Aristotle's Politicks. Hakluyt interested himself in the publication of the manuscript journal of Ren Goulaine de Laudonnire, L'histoire notable de la Floride situe s Indes Occidentales in Paris in 1586. [10] By the time of his death, he had amassed a small fortune out of his various emoluments and preferments, of which the last was the clergy house of Gedney, Lincolnshire, presented to him by his younger brother Oliver in 1612. Why did Richard Hakluyt support English colonization? The possibility of the enlarging of the dominions of the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, and consequently of her honour, revenues, and of her power by this enterprise. His father died when Richard was five years old, leaving his family to the care of a cousin, another Richard Hakluyt, a lawyer who had many friends among prominent city merchants, geographers, and explorers of the day. As Hakluyt points out, the desire for peace, change, stability, and economic wellness of England is the driving force for robust territorial possession. Bod. A brief collection of certain reasons to induce her Majestie and the state to take in hand the western voyage and the planting there. The queen granted Sir Walter Raleigh a charter in 1584 to begin to colonize, although she did not provide full financial support. Hakluyt (1552-1616) was a geographer, historian, editor, and leading promoter of English colonial expansion in North America. His utilitarian attitude and indifference against the Spanish population clearly depicts the rivalry and points out how England would gain a lot from their defeat. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. Hakluyt dedicated to Cecil the second (1599) and third volumes (1600) of the expanded edition of Principal Navigations and also his edition of Galvo's Discoveries (1601). [5] His last publication was a translation of Hernando de Soto's discoveries in Florida, entitled Virginia Richly Valued, by the Description of the Maine Land of Florida, Her Next Neighbour (1609). [10] In 1599, he became an adviser to the newly-founded East India Company, and in 1601 he edited a translation from the Portuguese of Antonio Galvo's The Discoveries of the World. That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie. For this reason, no map can be completely accurate, and in the early 1500s maps were often badly distorted. IvyPanda. 828829. Grotius' arguments supported England's right to trade in the Indies. In that year, Hakluyt was a consultant to the Company when it was renewing its charter. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. Captains of ships would document the places they visited such as the Far East and the Americas. 1. by, Hakluyt's dedication to Sir Francis Walsingham of the work, There does not appear to be any monument to Hakluyt either in, The Galileo Project errs in identifying Hakluyt's first publication as, At Hakluyt's recommendation, the work was translated into English by, According to Jones's introduction to Hakluyt's, David Harris Sacks, "Richard Hakluyt's Navigations in Time: History, Epic, and Empire,", The exact date of the translation is unknown; all that can be said is that it must have been prepared between the publication of Grotius' book in 1609 and Hakluyt's death in 1616: see David Armitage, "Introduction", in. That this western voyage will yield unto us all the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia, as far as we were wont to travel, and supply the wants of all our decayed trades. During this time, Hakluyt became increasingly convinced that England should lay claim to the territories in North America as quickly as possible, and gained support for his plan from influential men such as Francis Walsingham and Robert Cecil. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. That the limits of the king of Spains dominions in the West Indies be nothing so large as is generally imagined and surmised, neither those parts which he holdeth be of any such forces as is falsely given out by the popish Clergy and others his suitors, to terrify the Princes of the Religion and to abuse and blind them. An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. Among these Southern European sailors was Giovanni Cabot, known also as John Cabot, an Italian explorer who served the King of England. on 27 June 1577,[5][10] began giving public lectures in geography. That this voyage will be a great bridle to the Indies of the king of Spaine and a means that we may arrest at our pleasure for the space of time weeks or three months every year, one or two hundred sail of his subjects shipped at the fishing in Newfoundland. That the mischiefs that the Indian Treasure wrought in time of Charles the late Emperor father to the Spanish king, is to be had in consideracion of the Queens most excellent Majesty, least the continually coming of the like treasure from thence to his son, work the unrecoverable annoyance of this Realm, whereof already we have had very dangerous experience. Richard Hakluyt (/hklt, hklt, hklwt/;[1] 1553 23 November 1616) was an English writer. Works by Hakluyt in addition to those mentioned above included translations of Antonio Galvos Discoveries of the World (1601) and of Hernando de Sotos account of Florida, under the title Virginia Richly Valued, by the Description ofFlorida (1609). [14] A number of his manuscripts, sufficient to form a fourth volume of his collections of 15981600, fell into the hands of Samuel Purchas, who inserted them in an abridged form in his Pilgrimes (16251626). What is the importance of religion in Hakluyts case for colonization? [5][8], Richard Hakluyt, the second of four sons, was born in Eyton in Herefordshire in 1553. This implies that they are used to advance the ideals of the English population. Because of these connections, and his own expertise in overseas trade and economics, the man was well placed to assist young Richard in his life work. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC - YUMPU Charter to Sir Walter Raleigh | Encyclopedia.com That the mischiefs that the Indian Treasure wrought in time of Charles the late Emperor father to the Spanish king, is to be had in consideracion of the Queens most excellent Majesty, least the continually coming of the like treasure from thence to his son, work the unrecoverable annoyance of this Realm, whereof already we have had very dangerous experience. While at one point he petitioned for and received a grant to travel to America he did not, in the end, leave England. Criminals will be effectively used in farms and industries to offer free labor. Many of these reasons have to do with England's competition with other European countrieschiefly Spain, which had become rich and powerful from the silver it extracted from its colonies in Mexico and Peru. [book review]", "History and Objectives of the Hakluyt Society", "Virgin territories [review of Peter C. Mancall's, "America's debt to a forgotten hero: As the 400th anniversary of Jamestown nears, its spiritual father is being unjustly ignored", "Your letters: Hakluyt has not been forgotten", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hakluyt&oldid=1147310286, People educated at Westminster School, London, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Richard Hakluyt," 13 in pt. That by these Colonies the Northwest passage to Cathay and China may easily quickly and perfectly be searched out as well by river and overland, as by sea, for proof whereof here are quoted and alleged diverse rare Testimonies out of the three volumes of voyages gathered by Ramusius and other grave authors. Richard Hakluyt: Biography & Significance | Study.com What does the evidence from the text suggest about Hakluyts conception of race? He also became a minister in the Church of England. A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Mr. Walter Raleigh now Knight, before the coming home of his Two Barks: and is divided into xxi chapters, the Titles whereof follow in the next leaf. "Hakluyt, Richard". The manuscript, lost for almost 300 years, was published for the first time in 1877. But far from it: in 1584 Hakluyt prepared a 'Discourse on Western . . Readers loved these accounts, and Hakluyt's work helped to promote interest in England's colonization, or settlement, of North America. But the queen's advisors pointed out . Its overriding purpose was to stimulate, guide, and encourage an undertaking of incalculable national import. Money needed to come from private investment. Reasons for Colonization 1. Create your account. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In the licence of Hakluyt's second marriage dated 30 March 1604, he is described as one of the chaplains of the Savoy Hospital; this position was also conferred on him by Cecil. . What type of colonization does Hakluyt imagine occurring? From an early age, he was fascinated by geography and the prospect of the colonization of America. gradually changed in the direction of large and widespread colonization. Sometimes reading about a foreign lands makes us yearn to know more about it. They saw colonization primarily as an economic venture that would open up hugely profitable new opportunities for English merchants. That the Spaniards have executed most outrageous and more than Turkish cruelties in all the west Indies, whereby they are everywhere there, become most odious unto them, who would join with us or any other most willingly to shake of their most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it already in diverse places where they were Lords heretofore. Author of. Religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the Crusades, the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which European Christians sought to claim Jerusalem as an exclusively Christian space. He has recently obtained a PhD in contemporary European history. Vol. Cabot voyages at the end of the 15th-century mark, the beginning of the English crown's interest in overseas discoveries. Overview of English Exploration | Encyclopedia.com Hakluyt's Promise - Google Books Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The increase of the force of the Christians. Discourse of Western Planting | Encyclopedia.com The Hakluyts believed that colonies were the answer to England's problems. As Spain took the lead in colonization, a great competition began between European powers. B. "[21], Hakluyt prepared an English translation of Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius' Mare Liberum (1609),[22] a treatise that sought to demonstrate that the Dutch had the right to trade freely in the East Indies, contrary to Spanish and Portuguese claims of sovereignty over the seas,[23] in the early 17th century. In this he also pleaded for the establishment of a lectureship in navigation. His books encouraged those living in England to begin to prepare to settle in North America and found colonies that later become the basis for the future United States. Richard Hakluyt - Wikipedia 2. Between 1583 and 1588 he was chaplain and secretary to Sir Edward Stafford, English ambassador at the French court. After his father's death, Haklyut's cousin, Richard Hakluyt the Elder, took him under his care. However, the risk was great for everyone involved and in the case of England, encouragement was needed. Richard Hakluyt, A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, Written in the Year 1584, Charles Deane, ed. He is known for promoting the English colonization of North America through his works, notably Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (1582) and The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589-1600). This was presented to Queen Elizabeth I, who rewarded Hakluyt with a prebend (ecclesiastical post) at Bristol Cathedral but took no steps to help Raleigh. for only $11.00 $9.35/page. Hence, religion is a careful strategy aimed at providing compassion and hope for the poor natives and the low-class English population while punishing the wicked through doctrinal or religious teachings. He was the chief promoter of a petition to James I for letters patent to colonize Virginia, which were granted to the London Company and Plymouth Company (referred to collectively as the Virginia Company) in 1606. He also published numerous geographical works describing North America and early English exploration of the New World. Hakluyt's Benefits of Colonization. He argues that the expansion will not just provide England with peace. Hakluyt's Promise: An Elizabethan's Obsession for an English - JSTOR What arguments does Hakluyt present in making a case for colonization? Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. At the age of 30, being acquainted with "the chiefest captaines at sea, the greatest merchants, and the best mariners of our nation,"[11] he was selected as chaplain and secretary to accompany Stafford, now English ambassador at the French court, to Paris in 1583. "Richard Hakluyt contributed more to English letters, and has had more effect on English writing, than any other man who ever lived, with the possible exception of Shakespeare." Between 1598 and 1600 appeared the final, reconstructed and greatly enlarged edition of The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation in three volumes. The same year, his edition of Peter Martyr d'Anghiera's De Orbe Nouo Decades Octo saw the light at Paris. Hakluyt is a firm believer of colonization owing to the nationalistic, social, and economic benefits it might bring to England. (2021, April 8). Richard Hakluyt | Encyclopedia.com All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. A Briefe declaration of the chief Islands in the Bay of Mexico being under the king of Spain, with their havens and forts, and what commodities they yeide. How did Richard Hakluyt contribute to English history? In 1584 he wrote the promotional piece known as Discourse of Western Planting to urge a reluctant Queen Elizabeth I to support English colonies and to convince rich businessmen to invest in them. What made them exciting? In essence, he argues that both the economic and social ambitions of England can be pursued via religious strategies. [10], In the late 1590s Hakluyt became the client and personal chaplain of Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, Lord Burghley's son, who was to be Hakluyt's most fruitful patron. [9] Hakluyt's father, also named Richard Hakluyt, was a member of the Worshipful Company of Skinners whose members dealt in skins and furs. Richard Hakluyt was not an explorer nor a colonizer. Hugo Grotius, Richard Hakluyt (trans. In addition, read about his work on Atlantic voyages and discovery. [32], The Hakluyt Society was founded in 1846 for printing rare and unpublished accounts of voyages and travels, and continues to publish volumes each year. What special means may bring kinge Phillippe from his high Throne, and make him equal to the Princes his neighbours, wherewithal is showed his weakness in the west Indies. Nor did his belief in the possibility of Arctic passages to the East fade, for he was also a charter member of the Northwest Passage Company of 1612. New World Exploration and English Ambition - PBS EN. That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." The conception of race depicted by Hakluyt emanates from specific circumstances, including the institution of slavery, among other historical parameters. In 1612 Hakluyt became a charter member of the North-west Passage Company. Hakluyt's other works during his time in Paris consisted mainly of translations and compilations, with his own dedications and prefaces. The outbreak of war with Spain put an end to the effectiveness of overseas propaganda and the opportunity for further exploration, so he began work on a project that he had had in mind for some time. In the preface to this he announced the intended publication of the first terrestrial globe made in England by Emery Molyneux. 21 chapters | IvyPanda, 8 Apr. That hereby the Revenues and customs of her Majestie both outwards and inwards shall mightely be enlarged by the toll, excises, and other duties which without oppression may be raised. He gave information to the newly formed East India Company and continued his interest in the North American colonizing project; he was one of the chief promoters of the petition to the crown for patents to colonize Virginia in 1606 and at one point contemplated a voyage to the colony. Settlement and Economic Development: The Colonies to 1763 (Overview) As he writes in the Epistle Dedicatorie to The Principall Navigations, his cousin spoke to him of recent discoveries and of the new opportunities for trade and showed him certeine bookes of Cosmographie, with an universall Mappe. His imagination thus stirred, the schoolboy had thereupon resolved to prosecute that knowledge and kinde of literature at the university. His objective was to recommend the enterprise of establishing English plantations in the unsettled [by Europeans] region of North America, and thus gain the Queen's support for Raleigh's expedition. 2021. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons for Colonization, 1585 The glory of God by planting of religion among those infidels. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. . That the limits of the king of Spains dominions in the West Indies be nothing so large as is generally imagined and surmised, neither those parts which he holdeth be of any such forces as is falsely given out by the popish Clergy and others his suitors, to terrify the Princes of the Religion and to abuse and blind them. Richard Hakluyt lived during the Age of Exploration when opportunities were opening for European countries to explore unknown lands. Frobisher's First Voyage - CBC While at one point he petitioned for and received a grant to travel to America he did not, in the . Richard Hakluyt's Reasons for Colonization. Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization, 1584 | The That by these Colonies the Northwest passage to Cathay and China may easily quickly and perfectly be searched out as well by river and overland, as by sea, for proof whereof here are quoted and alleged diverse rare Testimonies out of the three volumes of voyages gathered by Ramusius and other grave authors. Reality, Team Leader: Exploiting New Opportunities, Studies of History of Indigenous People in Canada, Native American Studies in "We Shall Remain" Series, Native American Population and Federal Policies, Native American's Journal Entries in 1875-1934. When Richard Hakluyt was forty years old, he sat one day in his study in London with a walrus tusk in his hands. In this document, Hakluyt outlined particular points highlighting the benefits of colonization for the English people. In particular, he emphasizes that the economic challenges faced by Britain can be eliminated through colonial means. This will ensure the distribution of people, thereby reducing overpopulation and its subsequent effects. The most comprehensive portrait yet of Richard Hakluyt, indefatigable promoter of English colonization in America Richard Hakluyt the younger, a contemporary of William Shakespeare, advocated the creation of English colonies in the New World at a time when the advantages of this idea were far from self-evident. Richard Hakluyt presented the work privately to the queen in 1584. In his publications, Hakluyt mentioned such reasons for the English colonization of America as: Richard Hakluyt (1552?1616) was an English geographer and minister. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you Means to keep this enterprise from overthrow and the enterprisers from shame and dishonor. He regards the native people as resources which England can use to serve her self-interest. 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. [23][26] Hakluyt's handwritten manuscript, MS Petyt 529, in Inner Temple Library in London was eventually published as The Free Sea for the first time in 2004. A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Mr. Walter Raleigh now Knight, before the coming home of his Two Barks: and is divided into xxi chapters, the Titles whereof follow in the next leaf. The increase of the force of the Christians. These works were a fertile source of material for William Shakespeare[4] and other authors. This will be made possible because England will easily secure raw materials and control strategic ports. [18], On 20 April 1590 Hakluyt was instituted to the clergy house of Wetheringsett-cum-Brockford, Suffolk, by Lady Stafford, who was the Dowager Baroness Sheffield. Hakluyt the Elder was a supporter of English participation in the exploration of America. How does inter-European rivalry figures into this text? Kathleen Halecki possesses a B.A. How does Hakluyt justify British claims to territorial possession in the Western Hemisphere? [23] However, it is not clear why Hakluyt's translation was not published in his lifetime. His knowledge kept England abreast of events and journeys being undertaken by other foreign powers. 4. [16] The attention that the book excited in Paris encouraged Hakluyt to prepare an English translation and publish it in London under the title A Notable Historie Containing Foure Voyages Made by Certayne French Captaynes unto Florida (1587). English Deutsch Franais Espaol Portugus Italiano Romn Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Trke Suomi Latvian Lithuanian esk . The Names of the rich Towns lying along the sea coast on the north side from the equinoctial of the mainland of America under the kinge of Spaine. It is evident that religion can be used to colonize the native people by championing the ideals of peace and God while exploiting resources at the same time. Though he never personally took part in any expeditions, Richard Hakluyt greatly advanced the cause of English exploration in North America.One of England's first geographers, he collected and disseminated information, and promoted the colonization efforts of Sir Walter Raleigh (1554-1618) and others. [25] The translation may also have been part of the propaganda encouraging English people to settle in Virginia. About this time he married Duglesse Cavendish, a relative of Thomas Cavendish, the circumnavigator, and was appointed to the parish of Wetheringsett in Suffolk. Learn More. Shortly before its completion, he was granted by the queen the next vacant prebend at Westminster so that he might be at hand to advise on colonial affairs. [5] A few copies of this monumental work contain a map of great rarity, the first on the Mercator projection made in England according to the true principles laid down by Edward Wright. to the reliefe of the colonie planted in Virginia, in . This work was intended to encourage the young colony of Virginia; Scottish historian William Robertson wrote of Hakluyt, "England is more indebted for its American possessions than to any man of that age. In Paris, Hakluyt also edited an edition of the De Orbe Novo of Pietro Martire dAnghiera so that his countrymen might have knowledge of the early successes and failures of the Spaniards in the New World. That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. This period included also the voyages of Christopher Columbus that opened the way for discovery and brought the 'Old' and 'New' Worlds into contact with each other. Hakluyt was not blind to the profits arising from foreign trade.

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