cocos plate and north american plate boundary typecocos plate and north american plate boundary type

cocos plate and north american plate boundary type28 May cocos plate and north american plate boundary type

Is the Nazca Plate a convergent boundary? Photo courtesy of Robert J. Lillie. Subduction of the Farallon Plate beneath the entire West Coast created a line of volcanoes from Alaska to Central America. KEFJKenai Fjords National Park, Alaska[Geodiversity Atlas] [Park Home], CRLACrater Lake National Park, Oregon[Geodiversity Atlas] [Park Home], LAVOLassen Volcanic National Park, California[Geodiversity Atlas] [Park Home], MORAMount Rainier National Park, Washington[Geodiversity Atlas] [Park Home], ANIAAniakchak National Monument and Preserve, Alaska[Geodiversity Atlas] [Park Home], KATMKatmai National Park, Alaska[Geodiversity Atlas] [Park Home], LACLLake Clark National Park, Alaska[Geodiversity Atlas] [Park Home]. Produced under a Cooperative Agreement for earth science education between the National Park Service's Geologic Resources Division and the American Geosciences Institute. Jennifer Natoli was a seasonal ranger at Redwood National and State Parks in California. This plate starts at the western edge of South America and stretches east into the southwestern parst of the Atlantic Ocean. But thousands of eruptions over less than a million years have built Mount Rainier and other Cascade peaks to elevations of more than 10,000 feet (3,000 meters)! Modified from Beauty from the Beast: Plate Tectonics and the Landscapes of the Pacific Northwest, by Robert J. Lillie, Wells Creek Publishers, 92 pp., 2015, www.amazon.com/dp/1512211893. Off the Pacific coast, the Cocos plate is subducted beneath both the North American and Caribbean plates, which are separated by a sinistral transcurrent boundary. (Click on arrows and slide left and right to see labels.). The Cocos plate is found on the west side of Mexico. Solved Examine the figure below. What type of plate - Chegg Mazama that formed Crater Lake. Along this fault, the Pacific plate is moving northwestward relative to the North American plate at an approximate rate of 16.4 feet per 100 years (5 cm/year). Katmai volcano did collapse, but unlike Mt. This plate includes all of North America, Greenland, the eastern most part of Russia, northern Japan, and the northwestern part of the Atlantic ocean. Cocos Tectonic Plate | LAC Geo To the east it limits with the Caribbean plate, which is located in the Caribbean Sea and in the north of South America. The Cocos plate is a geologically young oceanic tectonic plate.It is beneath the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Central America. Cocos Plate; Type: Minor: Approximate area: 2,900,000 km 2: Movement 1: north-east: Speed 1: 67 mm/year: . This subduction forms the volcanoes of Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica, also known as the Central America Volcanic Arc. Feature labels. Based on Keary and Vine, 1996, Global Tectonics (2ed), Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford. The Cocos Plate is a tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Central America. At an ocean-continent convergent boundary, the oceanic plate is pushed under the continental plate in the same manner as at an ocean-ocean boundary. Images above modified from Oregon's Island in the Sky: Geology Road Guide to Marys Peak, by Robert J. Lillie, Wells Creek Publishers, 75 pp., 2017, www.amazon.com/dp/1540611965. Lassen Peak in Lassen Volcanic National Park is an amalgamation of rhyolite lava domes. Katmai National Park and Preserve lies where the worlds largest volcanic event of the 20th Century occurred. Detailed Description Map of the North American - Caribbean tectonic plate boundary. Step 2/2. Continental drift and sea-floor spreading became widely accepted around 1965 as more and more geologists started thinking in these terms. The plates are made up of crust and the lithospheric part of the mantle (Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\)), and even though they are moving all the time, and in different directions, there is never a significant amount of space between them. This plate is rotating counter clockwise in towards the Pacific plate. Australia plate, Eurasia plate, Africa plate, Arabia plate. Likewise, individual volcanic eruptions may add only a thin layer to the surface. Visits to coastal NPS sites in the Pacific Northwest can help us appreciate the landscapes that develop over time because of these large quakes, and learn how we are preparing our homes, communities, and infrastructure for the next Big One.. 100% (1 rating) SOLUTION: * The plate boundaries moving towards each other are called the convergent plate boundaries. This plate includes Australia and much of the surrounding ocean. National Park Service sites in the Cascades reveal colorful landscapes that result from a varity of volcanic processes. The buoyancy of the mantle plume material creates a dome within the crust, causing it to fracture in a radial pattern, with three arms spaced at approximately 120 (Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\)). The Cocos Plate was created approximately 23 million years ago when the Farallon Plate broke into two pieces, which also created the Nazca Plate. The Nazca plate is an oceanic tectonic plate in the southeastern Pacific Ocean that shares both convergent and divergent boundaries, corners multiple triple junctions, contains three seamount chains, overrides four hotspots, and is responsible for the creation of the Andean orogeny (Figure 1). As the mid-ocean ridge separating the Farallon and Pacific Plates entered the subduction zone, the Farallon Plate separated into the Juan de Fuca and Cocos Plates. The distribution and depths of earthquakes in the Caribbean and Central America area are shown in Figure 11.2.3. Cocos Tectonic Plate Photo courtesy of Robert J. Lillie. Without warning the plane flew right through the eruption cloud at 25,000 feet (7,500 meters) altitude. The southern boundary is a mid-oceanic ridge, the Galapagos Rise. Ancient magma chamber rocks can be exposed if subduction stops and the volcanoes erode away. Mazama, violently erupted 7,700 years ago. This plate is moving north east towards the Arabia and Eurasia plates. What type of plate boundary is the Cocos Plate? - Studybuff When rifting of Pangea started at approximately 200 Ma, the fissuring was along a different line from the line of the earlier collision. Kenai Fjords National Park lies within a coastal mountain range (accretionary wedge) formed as the Pacific Plate subducts beneath southern Alaska. This situation may not continue for too much longer, however. The northern boundary of the Cocos Plate is the Middle America Trench. By 50 Ma, Australia had separated from Antarctic, and shortly after that, India collided with Asia. Modified from Parks and Plates: The Geology of our National Parks, Monuments and Seashores, by Robert J. Lillie, New York, W. W. Norton and Company, 298 pp., 2005, www.amazon.com/dp/0134905172. Garibaldi to Lassen Peak, coincides with the north-to-south extent of the subducting plate boundary. o The boundary is found far from the North American Plate in the Pacific Ocean The boundary appears to be situated on a mid-ocean ridge ( ) The boundary is found close to the North American Plate. St. Helens in 1980. Is the Cocos Plate convergent or divergent? This plate is rotating in a clockwise direction towards the Pacific plate. In 1912 the Katmai region erupted an estimated 7 cubic miles (30 cubic kilometers) of ash and pyroclastic material, roughly 50 times the amount that came out of Washingtons Mt. The inset shows these plates to be the Cocos plate and the North American plate. Lake Clark National Park Question: Tectonic Plates Use this map to answer the following questions. Layers of sand and mud, deposited on the ocean floor and later turned into the sedimentary rocks sandstone and shale, are seen above the pillows. The Guerrero and Oaxaca regions of southern Mexico also experience regular SSEs. Taiwan area is the collision boundary between the Philippine Sea plate and the Eurasia plate, which has complex interaction, attracting much attention[3033]. . The Philippine Sea plate is tectonically unusual in that almost all the boundaries are convergent. The mafic magma produced adjacent to the subduction zone rises to the base of the continental crust and leads to partial melting of the crustal rock. Bold numbers are the years of moderately large (larger than about M7) historical earthquakes written next to their approximate location. . Not surprisingly, many of the engravings depict landscapes of national parks. To see the timing of these processes for yourself, go to time lapse of Continental Movements. * The boundaries that moving away . Rainier in Mt. Crater Lake partially fills the caldera of a volcano that erupted and collapsed in on Itself 7,700 years ago. Remove unwanted regions from map data QGIS. Download the official NPS app before your next visit, Accretionary WedgeCoast Ranges [3 parks], Accretionary WedgeSouthern Alaska [1park]. It is assumed that the relative lack of strength of the partial melting zone facilitates the sliding of the lithospheric plates. Between 200 and 150 Ma, rifting started between South America and Africa and between North America and Europe, and India moved north toward Asia. Unclick all the other layers you've been using, and then click next to . Convergent boundaries, where two plates are moving toward each other, are of three types, depending on whether oceanic or continental crust is present on either side of the boundary. It separates the Pacific Plate to the west from (north to south) the North American Plate, the Rivera Plate, the Cocos Plate, the Nazca Plate, and the Antarctic Plate. What are the three types of convergent plate boundaries? The physical landscape was an important component of the practical and spiritual aspects of Native Americans lives. For example the Juan de Fuca Plate is actually three separate plates (Gorda, Juan de Fuca, and Explorer) that all move in the same general direction but at slightly different rates. As fluid basalt lava flows into the ocean it forms a pile of globular structures known as pillows. State quarters can be used to demonstrate the current and ancient volcanic landscapes of the Pacific Northwest and California. Plates move as rigid bodies, so it may seem surprising that the North American Plate can be moving at different rates in different places. Compared to the other tectonic plates in the region, the Cocos Plate is converging with the Caribbean Plate at a steady rate of about 78 millimeters per year based on data from ISCO over 10 months. Where are Puerto Rico and Hispaniola located on the plate? USGS photo. The low region between the two mountain ranges is the Puget Sound area of Washington and the Willamette Valley in Oregon. Illustrations above modified from Earth: Portrait of a Planet", by S. Marshak, 2001, W. W. Norton & Comp., New York. The major plates are Eurasia, Pacific, India, Australia, North America, South America, Africa, and Antarctic. It includes the central Caribbean countries and runs along the northern edge of South America. Colors denote depth below sea level and elevation on land. With continued uplift and erosion, most of the volcanic material would erode. Photo courtesy of Robert J. Lillie. It was preceded by Pannotia (600 to 540 Ma), by Rodinia (1,100 to 750 Ma), and by others before that. Is the Cocos plate convergent or divergent? - Our Planet Today Find the boundary between the North American and Cocos plates. The 1,200-kilometer-long San Andreas fault zone is part of the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates, and thus is known as a transform fault. Silica-rich ash melted and coated the hot engine turbines with glass, causing all four of them to shut down. This plate makes up all of Antarctica and much of the surrounding ocean. Redoubt Volcano Multiple complex plate boundaries contribute lots of earthquake and volcanic activity in the region. As the Atlantic Ocean floor gets weighed down around its margins by great thickness of continental sediments (i.e., geosynclines), it will be pushed farther and farther into the mantle, and eventually the oceanic lithosphere may break away from the continental lithosphere (Figure \(\PageIndex{12}\)). The southerly side is a divergent boundary with the Antarctic Plate called the Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR). Solved Question 1 (1 point) Saved Unclick all the other - Chegg In 1989 and 1990, Mt. Examples of ocean-continent convergent boundaries are subduction of the Nazca Plate under South America (which has created the Andes Range) and subduction of the Juan de Fuca Plate under North America (creating the mountains Garibaldi, Baker, St. Helens, Rainier, Hood, and Shasta, collectively known as the Cascade Range). The Nazca plate is a large tectonic plate that underlies the Pacific Ocean near the western coast of South America. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. Mazama, Aniakchak spewed lava across its caldera floor for centuries after its collapse. The Pacific Plate is almost entirely oceanic, but it does include the part of California west of the San Andreas Fault. Find the boundary between the North American and Cocos plates. Farther inland, the subducting plate reaches depths where it sweats hot water. Redoubt, on the eastern side of the park, had four explosive eruptions that resulted in large volumes of ash and mudflows. What are the 4 types of plate boundaries? Mount Rainier is a 14,000 foot (4,300 meter) volcano in the Cascade Range developed above the place where the subducting Juan de Fuca Plate reaches sufficient depth to release hot fluids into the overriding North American Plate. Off the Pacific coast, the Cocos plate is subducted beneath both the North American and Caribbean plates, which are separated by a sinistral transcurrent boundary. Plate of Cocos: Location and General Characteristics It is bordered by the Caribbean, North American, Pacific, and Nazca tectonic plates. At spreading centres, the lithospheric mantle may be very thin because the upward convective motion of hot mantle material generates temperatures that are too high for the existence of a significant thickness of rigid lithosphere (Figure \(\PageIndex{8}\)). The plate boundary is a broad zone of deformation with a width of about 60 miles (100 kilometers). Shasta in California, and other Cascade Volcanoes. We know that the JDF Plate is moving toward the North American Plate at around 4 centimeters per year to 5 centimeters per year. Olympic National Park, Washington Cocos and Rivera Plates Maximilian Goetz. For example, the North American Plate includes most of North America, plus half of the northern Atlantic Ocean. Magmas high in silica are thick and pasty. Contents1 What boundary [] What type of boundary is the Cocos Plate? This plate makes up most of the Pacific Ocean. Within the past few million years, rifting has taken place in the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, and also within the Gulf of California. The volcanoes are forming above the region where the top of the subducting Juan de Fuca Plate reaches about 50 miles (80 kilometers) depth. This map shows the boundaries between the major plates. Figures 10.4.2, 10.4.3, 10.4.5, 10.4.6, 10.4.7, 10.4.8, 10.4.9, 10.4.10, 10.4.11, 10.4.12, 10.4.13, 10.4.14: Steven Earle. Credit: Photo Courtesy of Robert J. Lillie. Find the plate boundary between the Juan de Fuca Plate (JF) and the North American Plate (NA). The east coast of North America is a passive margin and not a plate boundary. The Coast Ranges, including the Olympic Mountains, are made of oceanic sediments and hard rocks that were caught in the vise between the converging plates, uplifted, and added to the edge of the continent. A by-product of the metamorphism is the release of hot fluids, especially water. A subduction zone will develop, and the oceanic plate will begin to descend under the continent. Wrangell, a 14,163 foot (4,317 meter) volcano that last erupted during the early part of the 20th Century. The low region between the two parallel mountain ranges is the, 150 miles inland, the top of the subducting plate reaches depths where its hot enough to generate fluids, forming volcanoes in the. Their high-silica magmas produce not only andesite and rhyolite lava flows, but also lots of other volcanic materials such as ash and pumice. Yosemite Valley and Half Dome. And at times, lower-silica components of their magma chambers erupt, producing basalt lava flows as well as cinders and volcanic bombs. National Park Service Sites in the Southern Alaska Subduction Zone reveal a variety of active volcanic features above the zone where the top of the Pacific Plate reaches sufficient depth where temperature and pressure are high enough to dehydrate rocks and form magma. That may not seem like much, but when tens of thousands of earthquakes occur over a few million years, coastal ranges form. Between the African plate and the Indian plate Choose. The mountain is mainly andesite lava flows and volcanic mudflows covered by numerous glaciers. Beginning about 30 million years ago, so much of the Farallon Plate was consumed by subduction that the Pacific and North American plates were in contact, forming the San Andreas transform plate boundary in western California. Farther east the Juan de Fuca Plate descends deeper and deeper. It is named after Cocos Island, the only emergent island on the plate. All volcanic eruptions in Iceland, such as the 1973 eruption of Eldfell, the 1783 eruption of Laki, and the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajkull, are caused by the North American and the Eurasian Plates moving apart, which is a result of divergent plate boundary forces. Subduction zones form where a plate with thinner (less-buoyant) oceanic crust descends beneath a plate with thicker (more-buoyant) continental crust. Pillow basalts attest to the oceanic origins of the rock layers, as they formed from lava flows that cooled on the ocean floor. Mt. Over time, the San Andreas boundary has grown longer as the Farallon Plate split into two separate platesthe Juan de Fuca Plate on the north, and the Cocos Plate on the south. The types are ocean-ocean, ocean-continent, and continent-continent. Antarctic plate, Pacfic plate, Eurasia plate, India Plate, Africa plate. The west side of California is moving north, and the east side is moving south. Solved Unclick all the other layers you've been using, and - Chegg This plate is moving northwest towards the Australia, Filipino, and Eurasia plates. The ocean area along southern Asia up to the India plate is also a part of the Australia plate. Left image A series of explosions and ash clouds from the peak between 1914 and 1921 represents the last large volcanic eruption within the lower 48 states prior to Washingtons Mt. A mature island arc develops into a chain of relatively large islands (such as Japan or Indonesia) as more and more volcanic material is extruded and sedimentary rocks accumulate around the islands. What type of plate boundary is between the Nazca and Cocos Plate? The Cocos Ridge (CR), which formed when the Cocos Plate drifted over the Galapagos Hotspot (Walther, 2003) , is a bathymetric high reaching about 2 km above the surrounding seafloor and stretching about 2000 km long and 200-300 km wide across the Cocos Plate . The resulting magmas can therefore have a variety of compositions, ranging from the original (low-silica) basalt, to (intermediate-silica) andesite, all the way up to (high-silica) rhyolite. Mantle flow in the RiveraCocos subduction zone | Geophysical Journal International | Oxford Academic Summary. As the Juan de Fuca Plate (lower cookie) subducts beneath the North American Plate (upper cookie), the layers are scraped off the ocean floor and pile up as the Coast Range. The Philippine Sea Plate has an area of approximately 3400 square kilometers. This plate is in the Pacific Ocean between the Pacific plate and the South America plate. There are also numerous small plates (e.g., Juan de Fuca, Cocos, Nazca, Scotia, Philippine, Caribbean), and many very small plates or sub-plates. Over the next 50 million years, it is likely that there will be full development of the east African rift and creation of new ocean floor. What boundary is between the Cocos Plate and the Caribbean plate Visitors to Olympic National Park, Oregon Caves National Monument, or Redwood National and State Parks can look down and imagine the top of the Juan de Fuca Plate about 10 miles (16 kilometers) beneath their feet. As described above in the context of Benioff zones (Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\)), earthquakes take place close to the boundary between the subducting crust and the overriding crust. Some geological processes act so slowly that we may think of the Earth as rock-solid and unmoving. Many transform boundaries are found on the sea floor, where they connect segments of diverging mid-ocean ridges. What type of plate boundaries is the Cocos Plate? - WisdomAnswer What plate boundary is the Philippines and Eurasian Plate? USGS photo. Near the western edge of the continent, the Juan de Fuca Plate plunges downward and some of the layers of hard crust and ocean sediments are scraped off the top and squeezed upward as the Olympic Mountains and other coastal ranges. Drum (right). Feature labels. Ranger Jens Oreo Demo The resulting magma ascends through the crust, producing a mountain chain with many volcanoes. On Dec. 15, 1989 a jet with 244 passengers and crew was en route from Amsterdam to Anchorage. Introduction The Cocos Plate is a relatively small sized, triangular-shaped oceanic plate located just west of Mexico and the Caribbean. Rocks in Yosemite, Kings Canyon, Sequoia, and Joshua Tree national parks contain exumed magma chamber rock that formed beneath the ancient volcanoes. Identifying port numbers for ArcGIS Online Basemap? The northern boundary of the Cocos Plate is the Middle America Trench. Rainier National Park is an active composite volcano rising more than 14,000 feet above sea level. Subduction zones occur when one or both of the tectonic plates are composed of oceanic crust. Convergent Plate BoundariesSubduction Zones - National Park Service Now you should see color coded lines that are the plate boundaries, and the names of Earth's major plates. Transform boundaries exist where one plate slides past another without production or destruction of crustal material. The Philippine Sea Plate. The largest earthquakes occur near the surface where the subducting plate is still cold and strong. Sediment that has accumulated on the continental slope is thrust up into an accretionary wedge, and compression leads to thrusting within the continental plate (Figure \(\PageIndex{7}\)). Often it is the older and colder plate that is denser and subducts beneath the younger and hotter plate. These quarters featured iconic images that have special meaning to each state. The Cascade Volcanoes extend in a north-south line from Mt. Dont worry if you cant name them all. By 80 Ma, Africa had separated from South America, most of Europe had separated from North America, and India had separated from Antarctica. For example, the Queen Charlotte Fault connects the north end of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, starting at the north end of Vancouver Island, to the Aleutian subduction zone. (Click on arrows and slide left and right to see labels.). Mt. The North American Plate is one of the slowest, averaging around 1 cm/y in the south up to almost 4 cm/y in the north. The subduction of the Nazca plate under southern Chile has a history of producing massive earthquakes, including the largest ever recorded on earth, the moment magnitude 9.5 1960 Valdivia earthquake. Transcribed image text: Match each plate boundary with its appropriate type. North American Tectonic Plates | Facts, Movement & Locations - Video The western boundary is another mid-ocean ridge, the East Pacific Rise. Left image Remove the Washington quarter and you can see what the landscape might look like, in the form of Crater Lake in Crater Lake National Park in Oregon. Lake Clark National Park and Preserve contains an active composite volcano with a profile and recent history reminiscent of Mt. The eruption of Aniakchak Volcano about 3,500 years ago rivals the eruption and collapse of Mt. Subduction of the Cocos plate beneath the North American plate along the Middle American Trench in Mexico generates large to great earthquakes every 30-100 years. New Guinea and the northern parts of New Zealand are part of the Australia plate. What type of plate boundary is North American and Eurasian Plates? The Caribbean Plate is a mostly oceanic tectonic plate underlying Central America and the Caribbean Sea off the north coast of South America. Parks in the Cascadia Subduction Zone dramatically display the two distinct mountain ranges the Coast Range just above where the Juan de Fuca Plate begins to subduct, and the volcanic Cascade Range farther inland, where the top of the plate is deeper.

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