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Gross withdrawals of natural gas reached an all-time high of 10.5 trillion cubic feet, even though an extreme winter weather event temporarily reduced the state's dry natural gas production by almost half during February 2021.69,70 71 Most of the past decade's increase in Texas natural gas production was from the Eagle Ford shale and the Permian Basin, where advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies improved production from shales and other low permeability formations.72,73,74, Texas has 17,000 miles of interstate natural gas pipelines within its borders.75 Those pipelines transport natural gas from Texas across the nation and into Mexico.76 Large volumes of natural gas enter the state, primarily through Oklahoma, Louisiana, and New Mexico, but more natural gas leaves the state than enters. The final investment decision on the project was taken in January 2019. 68 U.S. EIA, Top 100 U.S. Oil & Gas Fields (March 2015), p. 8-10. 56 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2020. 45 U.S. EIA, Number and Capacity of Petroleum Refineries, Total Number of Operable Refineries, Annual (as of January 1), 2021. Two anaerobic digesters, located in the state's panhandle, process manure and agricultural waste into methane.133 Texas produces liquid biofuels at four fuel ethanol plants in the agriculturally rich high plains region in the Texas Panhandle. See full list of refineries. NC Clean Energy Technology Center, Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE) 36 U.S. EIA, "Horizontally drilled wells dominate U.S. tight formation production," Today in Energy (June 6, 2019). Most of the rest continues on to Louisiana.77 84 U.S. EIA, Texas Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals, Annual, 1967-2021. 142 NC Clean Energy Technology Center, DSIRE, Texas, Renewable Generation Requirement, updated June 26, 2018. National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO) 88 U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, Texas, Annual, 2020. Many of those fields are in the Permian Basin of West Texas and in the Eagle Ford Shale of South Texas.32 The discovery of the Spindletop oil field in East Texas started the state's first major oil boom in 1901. 115 Morehouse, Catherine, "Congress, Texas should 'rethink' ERCOT's 'go it alone approach': FERC Chair Glick," Utility Dive (February 19, 2021). 135 U.S. EIA, U.S. Fuel Ethanol Plant Production Capacity, Excel File, U.S. Fuel Ethanol Plant Production Capacity as of January 1, 2021. Notably, electricity deliveries were disrupted in the parts of Texas served by ERCOT because of the limited number of connections the ERCOT grid has with the nation's larger interconnected grids.116, Texas is the nation's largest electricity consumer, but per capita consumption in Texas is less than in about three-tenths of the states. 55 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C15, Petroleum Consumption, Total and per Capita, Ranked by State, 2019. 86 U.S. EIA, International and Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, Texas, Annual 2015-20. 111 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Texas, Fuel Type (Check all), Annual, 2001-21. Saudi Aramco, the kingdom's state-owned oil behemoth, took 100% control of the sprawling Port Arthur refinery in Texas on Monday, completing a deal that was first announced last year. *Ranking is based on operating capacity. 91 U.S. EIA, Share of Total U.S. Natural Gas Delivered to Consumers, Industrial, Annual, 2020. 51 U.S. EIA, Movements by Pipeline, Tanker, Barge and Rail between PAD Districts, Petroleum Products, Annual Thousand Barrels, 2016-21, From PADD 3. In part because of the state's large population, Texas leads the nation in total residential energy use, but it ranks among the lowest one-fifth of states in per capita residential energy consumption.27 The commercial sector accounts for almost as much energy consumption as the residential sector.28 69 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Gross Withdrawals and Marketed Production, Annual, 2021. Texas is the nation's largest electricity consumer, but per capita consumption in Texas is less than in about three-tenths of the states. Natural gas The Electricity Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) 136 Ethanol Producers Magazine, U.S. Ethanol Plants, RINs, Operational, updated December 13, 2021. 31 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Texas, Federal Offshore-Gulf of Mexico, Federal Offshore-PADD 5, Annual-Thousand Barrels, 1981-2021. 78 U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, North American LNG Import Terminals: Existing, Approved not Yet Built, and Proposed, updated March 5, 2021. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Community Services, Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) Saudi Arabia America's largest oil refinery is now fully owned by Saudi Arabia. 12 Texas Comptroller pf Public Accounts, Texas Comptroller Visits USA Rare Earth's Round Top Project for Good for Texas Tour: Supply Chains Edition, Press Release (October 27, 2021). The newest refinery in the United States is the Texas International Terminals 45,000 b/cd refinery in Channelview, Texas, which was operable on January 1, 2022, but actually started operating in February, 2022. Texas: Galveston Bay: 593,000: 3: Marathon Petroleum Corp: Marathon Petroleum Co LP: Louisiana: Garyville: 585,000: 4: ExxonMobil Corp: ExxonMobil Refining and Supply Co: Texas: Baytown: . 130 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Texas, All fuels, Biomass (total), Wood and wood-derived fuel, Other biomass, Annual, 2021. Louisiana's 17 oil refineries account for nearly one-fifth of the nation's refining capacity, with the ability to process about 3.4 million barrels of crude oil per day, according to the United. 122 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, United States, Texas, All fuels, Conventional hydroelectric, Wind, Small-scale solar photovoltaic, Annual, 2021. 37 U.S. EIA, "Hydraulically fractured horizontal wells account for most new oil and natural gas wells," Today in Energy (December 20, 2018). 87 U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, Total Working Gas Capacity, Annual, 2020. 105 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2020 (October 2021), Table 6, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2020. 62 Larson, B.K., U.S. 83 U.S. EIA, U.S. Natural Gas Imports & Exports by State, Export Volume, Annual. Natural gas fuels more electricity net generation in Texas than in any other state and accounts for 15% of all U.S. natural gas-fired generation.108 Wind is the second-largest source of in-state generation in Texas. U.S. Oil Refineries Map : CCCarto.com 114 Texas State Historical Association, Texas Almanac, Texas Electric Grids: Demand and Supply, accessed April 17, 2022. Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD): 3 92 U.S. EIA, Share of Total U.S. Natural Gas Delivered to Consumers, Electric Power, Annual, 2020. Refineries Statements - 2020 - Railroad Commission of Texas 80 Cheniere, Who We Are, accessed April 29, 2022. See Definitions, Sources, and Notes link above for more information on this table. Next Update: June 15, 2023, Texas is the nations largest net energy supplier.Texas is a large state with a wealth of energy resources. In February 2021, an extreme winter weather event also sharply reduced fuel ethanol production in Texas.66 2021 Largest Houston-area refineries - Houston Business Journal National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Geospatial Data Science Data and Tools 42 U.S. Department of Energy, "DOE to Notice Sale From Strategic Petroleum Reserve and Ongoing Exchange to Address Oil Supply Disruptions Costing Americans at the Pump," Press Release (December 10, 2021 ). We were unable to load Disqus. *Includes only refineries with atmospheric crude oil distillation capacity. 31 U.S. EIA, Crude Oil Production, Texas, Federal Offshore-Gulf of Mexico, Federal Offshore-PADD 5, Annual-Thousand Barrels, 1981-2021. 33 Wooster, Robert, and Christine Moor Sanders, "Spindletop Oilfield," Texas State Historical Association, updated April 2, 2019. Biggest Oil Refineries in U.S. Are Going Dark Amid the Cold 4 U.S. EIA, Texas, Profile Overview, Map Layers/Legends, All Coal Mines, Coal Field, accessed April 2, 2022. Valero Energy and Total separately moved to shut . 19 U.S. EIA, Use of Energy Explained, Energy Use in Industry, updated August 2, 2021. Texas refinery infrastructure is vulnerable to shutdowns during hurricane season as well.53,54 75 Texas Railroad Commission, Texas Pipeline System Mileage, accessed April 8, 2022. 98 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2020 (October 2021), Table 6, Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2020. 95 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Consumption by End Use, Volumes Delivered to Residential, Annual, 2020. 133 American Biogas Council, Biogas State Profile: Texas, updated August 7, 2015. The result is a climate that ranges from humid and subtropical along the coast, where much of the state's population resides, to semi-arid on the high plains of central and western Texas, and arid in the state's mountainous west. It is used almost exclusively for power generation, usually at power plants near producing lignite mines.99 Substantial lignite deposits are found in a broad band in the Texas Gulf Coast region from the Rio Grande to the Arkansas border.100 Higher-grade bituminous coal occurs in deposits in north-central Texas west of Fort Worth and in small areas in the center of the state and along the state's southern border.101 Although underground mines produced most of the coal in Texas before the mid-1950s, those mines closed decades ago, and now surface mines produce all of the state's coal.102 Currently, six mines produce lignite, and one produces bituminous coal.103, Texas is the nation's largest coal consumer.104 On a tonnage basis, Texas lignite accounts for almost one-third of the state's coal consumption, with nearly all the rest of the state's needs met by subbituminous coal brought from Wyoming by rail. The state uses more HGLs, including propane and ethane, than all other states combined.57 The industrial sector uses almost all the HGLs consumed in Texas as feedstock for the state's petrochemical industry.58,59 The transportation sector uses almost all the rest of the petroleum consumed in Texas. The state uses more HGLs, including propane and ethane, than all other states combined.57 The industrial sector uses almost all the HGLs consumed in Texas as feedstock for the state's petrochemical industry.58,59 The transportation sector uses almost all the rest of the petroleum consumed in Texas. 99 U.S. EIA, Glossary, Lignite, accessed April 15, 2022. The state accounted for about 14% of the nation's total electricity generation from all renewable sources and about one-fifth of the nation's electricity generation from nonhydroelectric renewable sources.121 Two anaerobic digesters, located in the state's panhandle, process manure and agricultural waste into methane.133 Texas produces liquid biofuels at four fuel ethanol plants in the agriculturally rich high plains region in the Texas Panhandle. 69 U.S. EIA, Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production, Gross Withdrawals and Marketed Production, Annual, 2021. What Is Company Culture Pros Cons Business Personality 21 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C11, Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2019. In 2021, wind supplied one-fifth of Texas' in-state utility-scale (1 megawatt or larger) generation, providing more in-state power than coal for the second year in a row. 97 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2020 (October 2021), Table 15, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2020. These coastal refineries have access to local Texas production, foreign imports, and oil produced offshore in the Gulf of Mexico, as well as the U.S. government's Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which operates two large storage facilities in Texas. 9 Roberts, Billy J., Geothermal Resources of the United States, Map, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (February 22, 2018). 44 U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity Report (June 2021), Table 3, Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by State as of January 1, 2021, p. 17, 20. The Texas sites have a combined storage capacity of 417 million barrels and are located in salt caverns in the state's Gulf Coast region.41 In 2021, SPR sold millions of barrels of crude oil to counter market disruptions caused, in part, by the COVID-19 pandemic.42 In 2022, SPR released more crude oil to ensure an adequate supply of petroleum in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine.43, Texas also leads the nation in crude oil refining. 9 Roberts, Billy J., Geothermal Resources of the United States, Map, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (February 22, 2018). Texas has 17,000 miles of interstate natural gas pipelines within its borders.75 Those pipelines transport natural gas from Texas across the nation and into Mexico.76 Large volumes of natural gas enter the state, primarily through Oklahoma, Louisiana, and New Mexico, but more natural gas leaves the state than enters. Although the US was the world's largest net importer of refined petroleum products as recently as 2008, the US became a net exporter in 2010, and in 2014 was the largest exporter and the largest net exporter of refined petroleum. 97 U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2020 (October 2021), Table 15, Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2020. 64 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P1, Primary Energy Production Estimates in Physical Units, 2019. 2 3 ExxonMobil is adding a third crude unit to its Beaumont refinery located in Beaumont, Texas, US, in order to increase the refinery's crude refining capacity by 250,000 barrels per day (bpd). Texas also leads the nation in residential sector electricity consumption, but like total use, the state's residential per capita consumption is less than in almost one-third of the states.117 The largest share of the state's electricity goes to the residential sector, where three in five Texas households use electricity as their primary source for home heating. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) - U.S. Energy Information The Texas climate varies significantly from east to west. Six Texas Oil Refineries Are Among the Nation's - The Texas Observer 26 U.S. EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), 2009 RECS Survey Data, Air conditioning, Table HC7.10, Air Conditioning in Homes in South Region, Divisions, and States, 2009. The industrial sector, including the state's refineries and petrochemical plants, accounts for more than half of the state's energy consumption and for 23% of the nation's total industrial sector energy use. 77 U.S. EIA, International and Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State, Texas, Annual 2015-20. U.S. Energy Information Administration - EIA - Independent Statistics 108 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (February 2022), Table 1.7.B. This is a list of oil refineries. 83 U.S. EIA, U.S. Natural Gas Imports & Exports by State, Export Volume, Annual. Texas and U.S. Refinery Production Information for 2015. Information was obtained from United States Energy Information Administration Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by State as of Jan. 1, 2021. 112 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, United States Electricity Industry Primer, DOE/OE-0017 (July 2015), p. 11. 116 U.S. EIA, "Extreme winter weather is disrupting energy supply and demand, particularly in Texas," Today in Energy (February 21, 2021). Reports for September 2020. 84 U.S. EIA, Texas Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals, Annual, 1967-2021. The ERCOT grid operates completely within Texas and serves about 75% of the state's land area and 26 million customers.112,113 The ERCOT grid has few connections with the other interconnected power systems that serve the eastern and western contiguous United States.114 Because the ERCOT service area does not extend across the state's borders, ERCOT is not subject to federal oversight and is, for the most part, dependent on its own resources to meet the state's electricity needs.115 In February 2021, a major winter weather system, with extreme cold temperatures spread across much of the central United States, disrupted energy systems and caused serious health and safety issues, particularly in Texas. 73 U.S. EIA, Eagle Ford Region Drilling Productivity Report (April 2022). Texas consumes all of the lignite mined within the state and uses almost all of it to generate electricity. 88 U.S. EIA, Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity, Texas, Annual, 2020. 27 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table C13, Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2019. In 2021, Texas accounted for 43% of the nation's crude oil production and 25% of its marketed natural gas production. 127 Nebraska Energy Office, Comparison of Solar Power Potential by State, updated March 11, 2010. EIA Gulf of Mexico Fact Sheet Petroleum refining in the United States Direct-use applications, such as ground-source heat pumps, use low-temperature geothermal resources at locations around the state.140, In 1999, the Texas Public Utility Commission adopted rules for the state's renewable energy mandate. 18 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table P3, Total Primary Energy Production and Total Energy Consumption Estimates in Trillion Btu, 2019. Last Update: May 18, 2023 | 38 U.S. EIA, Texas Field Production of Crude Oil, Annual, Thousand Barrels and Monthly Thousand Barrels, 1981-2021. Texas Number and Capacity of Petroleum Refineries - U.S. Energy Industry Energy A new version of this list is. 19 U.S. EIA, Use of Energy Explained, Energy Use in Industry, updated August 2, 2021. 32 U.S. EIA, Top 100 U.S. Oil & Gas Fields (March 2015), p. 5-7, 11. Oil refiner Motiva Enterprises said it was shutting its 607,000 barrel-per-day Port Arthur, Texas, refinery, the largest in the United States. Texas Bureau of Economic Geology, Energy 25 U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census: Texas Profile, Population Density by Census Tract. In 2021, Texas accounted for about 12% of the nation's total electricity net generation. What Is The Company Culture? These minerals are used in many energy-related technologies.12,13,14, Texas ranks second in the nation, after California, in both population and the size of its economy.15,16 Texas also accounts for about one-seventh of the nation's total energy consumption, more than any other state, and it is sixth among the states in per capita energy consumption.17 However, because Texas produces much more energy than it consumes, it is the nation's largest net energy supplier.18 The Texas industrial sector includes the energy-intensive chemical manufacturing and petroleum industries, and industry is the state's largest energy consumer. 25 U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census: Texas Profile, Population Density by Census Tract. The state's 31 petroleum refineries can process a combined total of almost 5.9 million barrels of crude oil per calendar day.45,46 The nation's largest refinery is in Port Arthur, Texas, and it alone can process about 607,000 barrels of crude oil per calendar day.47 Many of the Texas refineries are complex facilities that can process a wide variety of crude oil types into high-value products, such as motor gasoline, and into feedstocks for the chemical industry.48,49,50 Texas petroleum products are sent from the state's refineries by interstate pipeline, barge, and tanker to U.S. markets, primarily in the eastern and central states, and some are shipped to foreign markets.51,52 In February 2021, an extreme winter weather event temporarily shut down refineries along the Gulf Coast. North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) ERO Enterprise: Regional Entities: Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), Southwest Power Pool, Inc (SPP), Texas Reliability Entity (TRE), Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) Coal 51 U.S. EIA, Movements by Pipeline, Tanker, Barge and Rail between PAD Districts, Petroleum Products, Annual Thousand Barrels, 2016-21, From PADD 3. Other Resources 126 U.S. EIA, Electric Power Monthly (March 2022), Tables 6.2.A, 6.2.B. Texas accounts for one-fourth of the nation's natural gas production. Output fell in subsequent years, and by 2007 production was only slightly more than one-fourth of the 1972 peak.34 However, production rose again, most sharply after 2010, as hydraulically fractured horizontal wells drilled in both the Permian Basin and the Eagle Ford shale led to increased crude oil production.35,36,37 In 2017, Texas oil production exceeded the state's 1972 peak for the first time, and in 2019 annual output reached a new high of 1.85 billion barrels. The list appears in one of their December issues. Texas consumes all of the lignite mined within the state and uses almost all of it to generate electricity. Many of those fields are in the Permian Basin of West Texas and in the Eagle Ford Shale of South Texas.32 The discovery of the Spindletop oil field in East Texas started the state's first major oil boom in 1901. 72 U.S. EIA, Permian Region Drilling Productivity Report, Permian Region Natural gas production (April 2022). That plant has a capacity of about 500,000 tons per year.131,132 Texas also has several biogas facilities that recycle organic waste into renewable energy. The Electricity Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) operates the state's main power grid. Map: Oil Refineries in the United States - Earthjustice 52 U.S. EIA, East Coast and Gulf Coast Transportation Fuels Markets (February 2016), p. 87-93. 134 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, AgSTAR, Livestock Anaerobic Digester Database, accessed April 18, 2022. In 2021, Texas accounted for 43% of the nation's crude oil production and 25% of its marketed natural gas production. The 31 petroleum refineries in Texas can process a combined total of almost 5.9 million barrels of crude oil per calendar day32% of the nation's refining capacity as of January 2021. 1 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), State Energy Data System, Table P2, Energy Production Estimates in Trillion Btu, 2019. 47 U.S. EIA, Refinery Capacity Report (June 2020), Table 3, Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by State as of January 1, 2021. 79 U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, North American LNG Export Terminals: Existing, Approved not Yet Built, and Proposed, updated March 5, 2021. Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Texas Profile 91 U.S. EIA, Share of Total U.S. Natural Gas Delivered to Consumers, Industrial, Annual, 2020. 61 U.S. EIA, State Energy Data System, Table F16, Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates, 2020. 139 U.S. EIA, Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Texas, All fuels, Conventional hydroelectric, Annual, 2001-21. Five Texas refineries exceeded EPA limit on benzene emissions, report

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